Lesson 1:
 Introduction to Computers

What is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic device that processes data according to a set of instructions (called a program). It can store, retrieve, and process data, making it an essential tool in today's digital world.

Main Components of a Computer

A computer system consists of both hardware and software. Let's explore the main hardware components:

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The CPU is the "brain" of the computer. It performs calculations and executes instructions.

2. Random Access Memory (RAM)

RAM is the computer's short-term memory. It temporarily stores data that the CPU needs to quickly access.

3. Storage Devices

These include hard drives (HDD) and solid-state drives (SSD). They store data permanently, even when the computer is turned off.

4. Motherboard

The motherboard connects all the components of a computer and allows them to communicate with each other.

5. Power Supply Unit (PSU)

The PSU provides electrical power to all the components in the computer.

Exercise: Identify Computer Components

Match the component to its description:

Input and Output Devices

Computers interact with the outside world through input and output devices:

Input Devices:

  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Microphone
  • Camera

Output Devices:

  • Monitor
  • Speakers
  • Printer

Exercise: Classify Devices

Classify the following device as input or output:

How Computers Work

Computers work by following these basic steps:

  1. Input: Data is entered into the computer through input devices.
  2. Processing: The CPU processes the data according to instructions from software.
  3. Storage: Processed data can be stored in RAM or permanent storage devices.
  4. Output: Results are displayed or transmitted through output devices.

This process is known as the Input-Process-Output (IPO) cycle.

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