Engineering Lesson 2:
Introduction to Circuits
What is a Circuit?
An electrical circuit is a closed loop that allows electricity to flow. It usually consists of a power source (battery), conductors (wires), and a load (light bulb or motor).
1. Ohm's Law
The relationship between Voltage ($V$), Current ($I$), and Resistance ($R$) is defined by Ohm's Law: $V = I \times R$.
Exercise: Voltage Calculator
Calculate the Voltage needed if you know the Current (Amps) and Resistance (Ohms):
2. The Simple Switch
A switch breaks the circuit. When the switch is open, current cannot flow. When it is closed, the loop is complete.
Exercise: Virtual Circuit
Circuit is currently: OPEN
3. Series vs. Parallel
In Series, components are in one single path. If one bulb breaks, they all go out. In Parallel, each component has its own path.
AI Electronics Lab
Ask about specific components like resistors, capacitors, or transistors: